Tess of the D’Urbevilles – Hardys View on Industrialisation

Explore Hardy’s attitude towards industrialisation in phase the fourth. Industrialisation became a growing presence amongst the Victorian Era and had an elusive yet undeniable impact on the population. Within the novel Tess Of The d’Urbervilles and in particular phase the fourth, Industrialisation is heavily focused on and explored. However Hardy establishes a balanced and ambivalent viewpoint towards the implications and presence of Industry as there is evidence to suggest both positive and negative aspects to its advancement.This therefore demonstrates that Hardy, especially through his effective use of binary oppositions offers a complex view which evokes a variety of Interpretations. To successfully convey clear comparisons between industrial interventions and rural aspects of pastoral life, Hardy uses binary oppositions to effectively highlight these contrasts. For example, parallel distinctions between light and shade / symbolic colours (Industry vs. Country) are made apparent in chapter xxx.This is shown when a ‘feeble light was beginning to assert its presence’ used to describe the train and this is in contrast to the ‘expanse of shade’ which represents the countryside. The connotations of ‘light’ against what essentially is darkness may that the train of which modern life represents offers optimism, hope and a prosperous future compared to the harsh standstill that is rural life. However this can also be successfully challenged with the argument that the light is superficial and not real which can justify its feebleness, and offer a rather negative and weak view of industrialisation.Another interpretation to this comparison may be that the fact the light of the train ‘asserts’ itself suggests that industrialisation is imposing itself on rural life and the environment in quite a forceful yet inevitable manner. To further support this, the ‘fitful white streak of steam’ which asserted itself on the ‘dark green background’ can be effectively seen as symbolic of the demising taint of which industry inflicts on the rural landscape.Furthermore this conjunction/fusion of industry on the country side again highlights the obvious visible contrast and proposed artificial lights/ colours against the natural and pure landscape. This proposes that Hardy presents quite a negative and tarnishing view of industrialisation and its impact on the countryside. However the negative perception of Industry is counter argued with the inclusion of the celestial and terrestrial comparisons, for example ‘’terrestrial star yet in more importance†¦ to mankind than the celestial ones’.This is of high significance because it directly addresses the view that although nature a creation by god, which is represented by the natural celestial star is grand and majestic, however it is not always useful especially when in contrast to an evolving modern (manmade) industrial world. This can be therefore effectively be argued that this balance hardy creates between the presentations of Industry is way of suggesting that the fusion between nature and industry is symbiotic and thus in affect beneficial to both.This displays Hardy’s effective complexity within his attitude towards industrialisation and this may because it is an accurate response of his believes that despite that industrialisation is inevitable it is both positive and negative and will have a dual symbiotic impact of society, which is made apparent by his balance argument. Hardy also intricately uses the focalised theme of industrialisation in this chapter to again highlight the motif of social development. Tess is potentially used as an instrument by Hardy to distinguish clear opposing comparisons between the two conjunctions that is industry and the countryside.For example while Tess in awe of the train, is described as a ‘motionless’ which is a dir ect opposition to the moving pace of the train. This is effective in the claim that whilst industry is forever evolving and inevitable to progression, the rural life is still, unmoving and highly limited. This is also enforced by Hardy’s representation of Tess (which is symbolic for the countryside as one of ‘ no date or fashion’ which is negative and highlights the contemporary progression made against the ‘unsophisticated’ life of the countryside.Hardy’s structure with the inclusion of industrial elements is also highly interesting. This is because in contrast to the beginning of the novel where Hardy incorporates no use of modern/industrial aspects, as the novel progresses and especially as Tess attains a higher social status due to her peaking relationship with Angel who represents modern thinking and way of life, modernisation becomes apparent.This is symbolic of the fact that industrialisation is representative of higher social status an d economic growth, business and essentially a means of production which is affiliated with the bourgeoisie. This view is further enhanced by Tess’s ignorance of modern life and her reference to the specific section of Londoners ‘noble men and noble woman’ who are at the heart of industry. This again suggests hat modernisation is another form of referring class distinctions within society and particularly the Victorian era. This may suggest that Hardy’s somewhat negative views on industrialisation may be for these implications on society. However it can also be noted that Industry (metaphorically used through the train) is used to connect these two opposing ways of life, therefore is a positive impact on society and this enforces the symbiotic view which was previously made.In conclusion it is clear that Hardy intricately portrays and depicts the implications of industrialisation in various ways. This shows that his balanced and complex is representative of multiple people within both modern urban areas and the rural countryside. Also these balanced views may be that despite the fact that industry had not fully developed in the Victorian era, they were still showing both negative and positive implications of the world and one of which are inevitable,

History of Ganga River Essay

The Ganges is one of the major rivers of the Indian subcontinent, flowing east through the Gangetic Plain of northern India into Bangladesh. The 2,510 km (1,560 mi) river rises in the western Himalayas in the Uttarakhand state of India, and drains into the Sunderbans delta in the Bay of Bengal. It has long been considered a holy river by Hindus and worshiped as the goddess Ganga in Hinduism. It has also been important historically: many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as Patliputra, Kannauj, Kara, Allahabad, Murshidabad,and Calcutta) have been located on its banks. The Ganges Basin drains 1,000,000-square-kilometre (390,000 sq mi) and supports one of the world`s highest densities of humans. The average depth of the river is 52 feet (16 m), and the maximum depth, 100 feet (30 m). The river has been declared as India`s National River. The many symbolic meanings of the river on the Indian subcontinent were spoken to in 1946 by Jawaharlal Nehru in his Discovery of India, The Ganges, above all is the river of India, which has held India`s heart captive and drawn uncounted millions to her banks since the dawn of history. The story of the Ganges, from her source to the sea, from old times to new, is the story of India`s civilization and culture, of the rise and fall of empires, of great and proud cities, of adventures of man. Although many small streams comprise the headwaters of the Ganges, the six longest headstreams and their five confluences are given both cultural and geographical emphasis (see the map showing the headwaters of the river). The Alaknanda River meets the Dhauliganga River at Vishnuprayag, the Nandakini River at Nandprayag, the Pindar River at Karnaprayag, and the Mandakini River at Rudraprayag and finally the Bhagirathi River at Devprayag, to form the mainstream, the Ganges. The Bhagirathi is the source stream; it rises at the foot of Gangotri Glacier, at Gaumukh, at an elevation of 3,892 m (12,769 ft). The headwaters of the Alaknanda are formed by snowmelt from such peaks as Nanda Devi, Trisul, and Kamet. Ganga River is also said to be the river of supreme Lord Rama and also called â€Å"Ram Ganga† as there is a belief Lord Rama promised while Ganges emerged from his feet that, when He will appear on earth as Lord Rama will reside on the banks of Ganga and her tributaries. Lord Ram then appeared in Ayodhya which is on the banks of Saryu Ganga River, when he went to Janakpuri he crossed River Ganga in Haridwar. During  his 14 years exile from Sita, his wife and brother Lakshmana after leaving Ayodhya his first night stay was at Tamsa River (Ganga tributaries), his second stay was at Shrungverpur which is on the banks of Ganga and with the help of Nishadraj Gruh and Kevat he crossed Ganga, he then went to Triveni sangam, Prayag Raj stayed with Muni Bharadvaj and then marched towards Chitrakoot and stayed there for 11 and half years on Kamadgiri parvat on the banks of Mandakini, holy stream. From there he went to Panchvati and stayed on the bank of Godavari until his wife sitaji was abducted by demon king Ravana. The search for his beloved wife Sita, Lord Rama went to Rameshwaram, as it is said all rivers meet the ocean. Pollution in Ganga River Today, over 29 cities, 70 towns, and thousands of villages extend along the Ganga banks. Nearly all of their sewage – over 1.3 billion liters per day – goes directly into the river, along with thousands of animal carcasses, mainly cattle. Another 260 million liters of industrial waste are added to this by hundreds of factories along the rivers banks. Municipal sewage constitutes 80 per cent by volume of the total waste dumped into the Ganga, and industries contribute about 15 percent. The majority of the Ganga pollution is organic waste, sewage, trash, food, and human and animal remains. Over the past century, city populations along the Ganga have grown at a tremendous rate, while waste-control infrastructure has remained relatively unchanged. Recent water samples collected in Varanasi revealed fecal-coliform counts of about 50,000 bacteria per 100 milliliters of water, 10,000% higher than the government standard for safe river bathing. The result of this pollution is a n array of water-borne diseases including cholera, hepatitis, typhoid and amoebic dysentery. An estimated 80% of all health problems and one-third of deaths in India are attributable to water-borne diseases. The sacred practice of depositing human remains in the Ganga also poses health threats because of the unsustainable rate at which partially cremated cadavers are dumped. In Varanasi, some 40,000 cremations are performed each year, most on wood pyres that do not completely consume the body. Along with the remains of these traditional funerals, there are thousands more who cannot afford cremation and whose bodies are simply thrown into the Ganga. In addition, the carcasses of thousands of dead cattle, which are sacred to Hindus, go into the river each  year. An inadequate cremation procedures contributes to a large number of partially burnt or unburnt corpses floating down the Ganga. Hundreds of corpses burn on the line of wooden pyres. Soot-covered men bustle about, raking in the still-glowing ashes, sweeping them into the river. Gray dust from the pyres floats atop the waves, mixing with flower garlands and foam. The dust and debris resurfaces some distance away, this time, intermixed with polythene bags, empty cans and dirty clothes. This is the holy Ganga at its holiest spot Varanasi. The industrial pollutants also a major source of contamination in the Ganga. A total of 146 industries are reported to be located along the river Ganga between Rishikesh and Prayagraj. 144 of these are in Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) and 2 in Uttrakhand. The major polluting industries on the Ganga are the leather industries, especially near Kanpur, which use large amounts of Chromium and other toxic chemical waste, and much of it finds its way into the meager flow of the Ganga. From the plains to the sea, pharmaceutical companies, electronics plants, textile and paper industries, tanneries, fertilizer manufacturers and oil refineries discharge effluent into the river. This hazardous waste includes hydrochloric acid, mercury and other heavy metals, bleaches and dyes, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls highly toxic compounds that accumulate in animal and human tissue. The tannery industry mushrooming in North India has converted the Ganga River into a dumping ground. The tanning industry discharges different types of waste into the environment, primarily in the form of liquid effluents containing organic matters, chromium, sulphide ammonium and other salts. According to the information obtained from the UP State Pollution Control Board, there are 402 tanneries operating in the city Kanpur of which 65 were closed On September 17, 2010 issuing notices to 253 tanneries operating in the city, the State Pollution Control Board has asked them to comply with central norms to curb pollution within 15 days or face consequences. A division bench of the Allahabad high court on January 19, 2011 asked UP chief secretary, who was present in the court, to f ile an affidavit about the action taken against those who were found involved in polluting river Ganga. The bench will now hear this case on February 14, next. The bench expressed concerned over the pollution in river Ganga and said that at Sangam in Allahabad river Ganga is dirty and its colour is brown. Ganga is getting polluted day-by-day. Nearly 170  factories and tanneries located between Kannauj and Varanasi, covering an area of 450 km, were found responsible for polluting the river by discharging wastes into it without treatment,† Union Minister for Environment and Forests Jairam Ramesh told reporters on August 28, 2010. â€Å"The government will issue show cause notices to these industrial units on August 30 and if they fail to take any action within 15 days, steps would be initiated to shut them,† he said. In 1996, the Supreme Court had banned the discharge of effluents from various tanneries and factories located on its banks in Kanpur. However, industry is not the only source of pollution. Sheer volume of waste – estimated at nearly 1 billion litres per day – of mostly untreated raw sewage – is a significant factor. Runoff from farms in the Ganga basin adds chemical fertilizers and pesticides such as DDT, which is banned in the United States because of its toxic and carcinogenic effects on humans and wildlife. Damming the river or diverting its water, mainly for irrigation purposes, also adds to the pollution crisis. Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals emitted from vehicles and presence of industrial units adjoining the Ganges is adding to the pollution load on the river, researchers have found on May 2010. Decades-long efforts by the government to breathe life into Ganga through massive clean-up programmes have come to naught. Consider this: Over Rs 1,000 crore have been pumped into the Ganga Action Plan I and II between 1985 and 2000, but Indias holiest river is still sullied. Discharge of untreated wastewater from towns along Ganga constitutes the major source of pollution load for the river. Against the estimated wastewater generation of around 3000 million liters per day (mld) from towns along the river Ganga, sewage treatment capacity of 1025 mld has been created so far under the Ganga Action Plan. This information was given by the Minister of State for Environment and Forests(Independent Charge) Shri Jairam Ramesh in Rajya Sabha on August 02, 2010. The incidence of gall bladder disease is high among people living near the Ganga and its tributaries, says the largest-ever study of the local population over six years.A team of doctors from Mumbai conducted the study and found high concentrations of heavy metals in the water and soil of 60 villages along the Indo-Gangetic plains that could be contributing to the disease. The study was published last week of January 2011 in the online edition of HPB, the official journal of the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary  Association. It has identified eight villages in Bihar’s Vaishali district, located near the river Gandak, with an unusually high rate of gall bladder disease.

Combine Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Combine Code - Essay Example Every stakeholders or shareholders shall also have the right to examine the organization’s books of account to its satisfaction. Dialogues and consultation between the board of directors and the stakeholders should not be limited to the annual general membership (AGM) meeting. In the interest of the public’s and stakeholder’s rights, the accurate state and fiscal condition of the organization shall be fully disclosed to the stakeholders. The United Kingdom’s Corporate Governance Code’s aims to protect the interest of stakeholders or shareholders of the organization in particular and the public’s interest in general. The Governance Code mandates that controls and risk mitigation processes with the aim of protecting the interest of stakeholders are instituted and maintained by the executive board tasked to manage the affairs of the organization on day to day basis. The executive board are mandated to regularly report incidents and or explain in cidents that would appear to be serious breaches in security. B. Explain why over the last two decades, numerous attempts have been made to improve corporate governance in the UK Organizations that operated in multiple jurisdictions have in the past been threatened by scandals or have been embroiled in scandals that affected not only the financial health of the countries where they operate but also the shareholders who are residents of the UK. Foremost of these are financial institutions hold principal offices in the UK or most of its stakeholders are UK residents and the same organizations due to size, operation and influence have threatened the economic health of a country or the region in general if they are not properly managed. Exercising its inherent right to protect the public’s interest, the government has been mandated to ensure that corporate governance is properly implemented in every organization where it has jurisdiction. This is to ensure that any financial mism anagement is detected and mitigated before it can adversely affect the entire organization and the country in general. Corporate governance is a set of controls designed to ensure that all decisions of the executive leadership of an organization are compliant with good governance or if not, the leadership should be able to explain the rationale behind such decisions or directions. The UL Combined Code of Corporate Governance are therefore designed to prevent a national financial crisis that can be rooted from mismanagement or mishandling of funds in particular or the company in general from taking place. Recognizing the need from the experience of other countries, specially the United States, and was affirmed by its own experience in the 2008 financial crisis, the UK reviewed its corporate governance law. The need to improve stricter controls and update the intent and scope of the law prompted the review and revision of the UK combined code of corporate governance. C. Outline the re commendations of the UK Combined Code (2010) concerning the ‘board chairman’ and briefly discuss why the code does not support board duality. Corporate governance practices have been embedded in corporate structures to make corporate officers more aware of their responsibilities and demand from them accountability and transparency in the performance of their fiduciary functions as well as in

Replacing Core Banking for ADIB Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 13000 words

Replacing Core Banking for ADIB - Dissertation Example This has been done in the dissertation through a focus on competitive advantage and knowledge management tools, which may be used in order to understand the needs of a globally changing environment within which the banking industry thrives today. The SOA, on the basis of the model put forth, can undergo further research so as to be revolutionized as a more need sensitive solution to various core banking needs. Apart from this, there is a vast scope for research into greater employee motivation as well as consumer satisfaction, both of which can come to herald banks as brands in themselves. As a service oriented field, the banking sector and the ADIB bank in particular can benefit greatly from such research. Literature Review This chapter reviews the literature that is being used as regards Core Banking Solutions. In order to do this, the researcher has made use of the previously available work also known as secondary research on the subject along the following technicalities: Relevance to subject Logical flow of information In context of research methodology and overall problem of the dissertation. To begin with, it is imperative to understand the meaning and importance of a literature review to any dissertation. A piece of research is incomplete without adherence to the work previously conducted on the subject. A researcher cannot move forward or find a fitting basis for research unless he or she regards the work of scholars who have dabbled in the field previously. Yet, in today's age of information and knowledge, it may be seen that it has become more important than ever to keep an eye on including literature that pertains directly to the analysis and findings of the subject... This chapter reviews the literature that is being used as regards Core Banking Solutions. In order to do this, the researcher has made use of the previously available work also known as secondary research on the subject along the following technicalities: - Relevance to subject - Logical flow of information - In context of research methodology and overall problem of the dissertation. To begin with, it is imperative to understand the meaning and importance of a literature review to any dissertation. A piece of research is incomplete without adherence to the work previously conducted on the subject. A researcher cannot move forward or find a fitting basis for research unless he or she regards the work of scholars who have dabbled in the field previously. Yet, in today’s age of information and knowledge, it may be seen that it has become more important than ever to keep an eye on including literature that pertains directly to the analysis and findings of the subject at hand. This is where a review of the literature comes in as it helps the researcher look at the use of literature gathered in a critical manner. According to Cooper (1988) "a literature review uses as its database reports of primary or original scholarship, and does not report new primary scholarship itself. The primary reports used in the literature may be verbal, but in the vast majority of ca ses reports are written documents. The types of scholarship may be empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological in nature."

Analaysis of I think therefore I Err Epistemology cognition Essay

Analaysis of I think therefore I Err Epistemology cognition - Essay Example On the other hand, the latter is what is deemed as necessary and beneficial to the development of a given intelligent system. These good errors serve a functional role in the development of knowledge and, in turn, intelligence. It is in this regard that Gigerenzer makes â€Å"the study of human errors in experimental psychology† as his primary concern in inferring the laws of cognition (1). In his study, Gigerenzer defends an ecological versus that of a logical analysis of cognitive errors. In doing so, he claims that a proper analysis should not be based content-blind logical principles. Upon addressing the aforementioned problem, I shall deal with Gigerenzer’s analysis of the role of logic with regards to the workings of the human mind and intelligence. Specifically, I shall focus on his claim on logic as â€Å"a content-blind norm for good reasoning† (7). Herein, I shall argue that his analysis of the role of logic as a purely syntactic and content-blind theor y is mistaken. Like Daniel Kahneman and Amon Tversky, I agree that not all judgments can be analyzed by using empirical methods such as sampling and frequency estimates, for such are â€Å"unlikely to illuminate the processes that underlie such judgments† (589). Rather, I shall argue that Gigerenzer overlooks an important aspect of logic, that is, the intensional aspect of logic. By doing so, I shall focus on his explication of framing and invariance. In this essay, I intend to advocate the value of logic from an intensional point of view. In doing so, I shall show that Gigerenzer fails to prove that the study of cognitive errors in the light of logical forms of analyses fail to unravel the laws of mind. Summary In a section entitled, â€Å"Logic and Blunders,† Gigerenzer argues against the position of using logical theories as a foundation for analyzing and comparing the presence of errors in judgment, and thus, fails to define what really â€Å"errors of judgmentâ⠂¬  are, as well as to â€Å"open a window into the human mind† (4). In other words, logic does not help us understand and gain intelligence by pointing out our errors in judgment, rather; it blurs our understanding of what these â€Å"errors† really are, and thus, fails to open the possibility for progress and evolution of the human mind as an intelligent system. Given this perspective, Gigerenzer provides an example in logic to support his point, namely, framing. â€Å"Framing is defined as the expression of logically equivalent information in different ways† (Gigerenzer 7). Similarly, according to the principle of invariance, â€Å"different representations of the same choice problem should yield the same preference. That is, the preference between options should be independent of their description† (Gigerenzer 8). Thus, if different representations of the same choice problem yield different preferences, then it violates rational choice. Such violatio ns are deemed as errors in judgment that should not happen to any rational person. Gigerenzer gives the example of two ways of saying the following: â€Å"The glass is half full, and the glass is half empty† (8). Given the principle of invariance, these two formulations should not affect the choice of the person in picking which glass to hand over. However, it was shown that when asked to hand over the â€Å"half full glass, most participants picked the previously empty one† (Gigerenzer 8). The author then claims that such an example proves to show that two

Treaty of Verdun Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Treaty of Verdun - Research Paper Example From the ancient time, the ruling authority in European Union was keen on proper implementation or laws. The pattern of ruling by the leaders of Europe always suggested the fact that every step taken by the countries belonging to the European Union was based on various treaties which was approved willingly and constitutionally by the EU member countries. From a broader perspective, a treaty can be defined as an obligatory contract between EU member countries. In modern times any treaty related to the European Nation is consisted of the objectives of European Union, rules set by the European Union as a group for all the member countries, and most importantly how the decisions will be made in the future taking into consideration the relationship between the EU and its member countries. The main objectives of the Treaties are to ensure EU get more efficient and the process of ruling get more transparent. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the significance of the Treaties of Verdun, 843 which changed the history of the Europe for ever. The paper will also focus on how the treaties change the structure of the Europe as a whole, the consequence that this treaty had as a whole. From the historical perspective, the Franconian Empire was one of the most substantial changes toward integrated administration of the medieval passà ©. During this Reich, which was comprised of both Romanian and German people, the foundation for the political, social and cultural evolution of Western Europe was laid down thoroughly. The consequence of instincts originating from this initial social and party-political center can barely be exaggerated. The conjunction of Franconian kings and Kaiser with the papacy had a long lasting significance just not for the successive history of Franconia, but also for the entire Europe. â€Å"The alliance of Franconian emperor and the Papacy was of major significance for the

Executive Summary for the Automated Banking System Essay

Executive Summary for the Automated Banking System - Essay Example This would result to increased transactions at a less time and avoidance of customers overcrowding in the banking hall. The management information system (MIS) of PNC if implemented according to the given attributes would solve their problem by increasing revenues, providing a reliable banking system and reducing operating expenses. It would solve real world problems because it would create convenience for their customers to transact without the need of visiting the bank. Furthermore, though all banks possess ATM services, theirs if implemented, could mean a total revolution of e-banking services. Their MIS does not exist but can be invented as they have stipulated that it is their future plans. The conclusion based on their future plans is concise and engaging. However, I think their plan is ambitious and requires mega investment. If I were an executive, I would read into their business plan because it is unique and for prosperity in business, one has to take risks. In conclusion, their executive summary is well stated and it has a new sense of adding what does not exist in the banking sector. If their MIS is well implemented, it would offer competitiveness to other banks at the same time satisfying their clients. Finally, it would give a new approach to how banking is carried

The latest 4G communications development Research Paper

The latest 4G communications development - Research Paper Example Additionally, the 4G data transfer systems make it simple for employees to contribute in a video conference by making use of a small cell phone in the areas, or to tune in to high-quality data and information streaming video by using a mobile device. In this scenario, special networks are designed for 4G communication systems to operate flawlessly with accessible networks and offer worldwide roaming. In addition, an inactive user is able to get speed of 1 gigabits per second (Gbps) for downloading data and information through 4G communication systems (Renshaw; Turban, Leidner and McLean). Moreover, some of the well known standards for the 4G technology based systems are 802.20, HSDPA, WiMAX (802.16), UMTS, TDD UMTS and future editions of UMTS and proprietary networks from Navini Networks, Array Comm. Inc., In this scenario, Flarion Technologies is also deploying 4G technology based systems in China, India and Japan. In addition, the technology based design on which 4G technologies wi ll be based in known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Additionally, it is the main enabler of 4G technologies. In addition, some of the innovative and technological features of 4G include adaptive processing and elegant antennas, as well as both of them will be utilized in 3G networks and improve rates when utilized with OFDM (Tank; Wang and Katz). Moreover, at the present 3G networks yet transmit their data digitally above a single data transmission, while OFDM is designed to move information and data through the hundreds of parallel data transmission streams, as a result growing the extent of data and information that could be transmitted simultaneously through traditional CDMA communication networks (Tank; Wang and Katz). Furthermore, 4G technologies offer numerous advantages including higher bandwidth and quick response time. In fact, this technology offers 10 times quicker response time as compared to 3G. In addition, it is able to operate at 2.6GHz frequen cy that improves the network coverage even it makes use of the same tower where data and information is being received and transmitted for 3G. This technology also takes less time to build 4G for the reason that it makes use of the same tower and fiber-cables which are used by 3Gs however they simply have to enhance the towers by means of 4G components (Answers Corporation). In this scenario, the image given below offers a detailed description of the 4G technology. It demonstrates a detailed overview of the technology working and operations: Figure 1- 4G Technology: Source: http://www.m-indya.com/shownews.php?newsid=2248 AT&T Mobility LLC is a subsidiary of AT&T that is currently offering wireless support and services to more than 100.7 million users and subscribers in the US, Puerto Rico and other U.S. Virgin Islands. In addition, AT&T Mobility has now turned out to be a one of the biggest wireless telecommunication suppliers in the US after Verizon Wireless that currently has more than 107.7 million clients. Additionally, AT&T Mobility is located in the Lenox Park region of DeKalb Co. Georgia, immediately outside the Atlanta (Ibrahim; Wikipedia). In this scenario, T-Mobile has established the policy to encourage its myTouch 4G device that makes use of HSPA+ network, because

Barclay bank Indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Barclay bank Indian - Essay Example There are approximately 33 foreign banks in India. Barclays has been one among them. The report presented below tries to analyse the environment in which Barclays Bank India has been operating. Further, it tries to analyse the reason for Barclays’s success. It has been analysed that the main reason for Barclays Bank’s success in India has been its innovative strategies. The report tries to analyse the organisation by conducting the value chain analysis. In addition to this, the report further tries to explore the competitive stances of the organisation and evaluates its sustainability Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Overview 4 Section A 5 Analysis of Organisation Business Environment 5 Porter’s Five Forces Model 5 Industry Life Cycle 7 Key Reasons for Barclays’s Success 7 PEST Analysis 9 Section B 10 Value Chain Analysis 10 Competitive Stance 11 Scope and Scale 11 Evaluation of Sustainability 12 Critical Appraisal of Strategy 13 References 14 Bibliog raphy 16 Overview Barclays PLC can be considered as one of the leading financial firms of Britain catering to the needs of the customers by providing financial services. In India, the Barclays Bank is considered to be one of the most esteemed foreign banks that provide services to more than 9 lakh customers. The bank started serving the needs of the commercial customers from the year 2006 November onwards and aims at offering the premier banking services. In addition to the commercial customers, Barclays Bank in India also serves the needs of public sector companies, small and medium enterprises and multinationals (Maps of India, 2011). The management report of Barclays Bank India has been aimed at understanding and analysing the strategic situation of the firm. The report will begin with the analysis of organisation’s business environment and of industry survival and the success factors. The second section of the report will contain in-depth strategic analyses of the Barclay s Bank in India. Finally, the report will conclude with the decisive appraisal of the strategy. Section A Analysis of Organisation Business Environment Porter’s Five Forces Model According to Michael Porter, the five forces models tend to understand the level of competitiveness in the market and also affect the profitability of the firms that already exist in the industry. Threat of Substitute Products It has been analysed that although there are various foreign banks in India such as ABN AMRO Bank, American Express Bank, Citibank, Deutsche Bank, HSBC bank and Standard Chartered Bank, there are few features as well as products of which they can only be obtained from the Barclays Bank such as Hello Money, the country’s only 7-year personal loan scheme, premier banking services and NRI banking services. Thus, it can be revealed that this force is favourable to Barclays Bank in India. It, therefore, bears a positive sign. Bargaining Power of Suppliers It can be demonstrat ed that the core business of the banking industry can be considered as ‘service’ that mainly focuses upon the safety of the wealth. It has been evident from the case study that the bank has invested heavily to acquire the talented pool of workforce. In addition to this, the suppliers at the banking sectors are the providers of tangible goods such as cheque books, furniture and others. However, the impact of such tangible goods is not that significant. The provision of talent pool has an impact upon the operation. In context of

History of education Essay Example for Free

History of education Essay Jim Henson once said, â€Å"Kids dont remember what you try to teach them. They remember what you are.† Teaching doesn’t necessarily mean that you have to be smart, you have to be a teacher or professor. Being a good and intellectual person does make you belong. A program named Literacy Training Program (LTS) will help you acquire those required qualifications in order to possess an effective teaching even without getting a bachelor’s degree. LTS is one of the means for us students to help those in need as well as for us to contribute to society by aiding these people to become better citizens. At first, I only require myself to attend and give presence every meeting just for the sake of passing and completion of units. Little did I know that LTS was not just a subject to attend but rather exposing one’s self into realities of life. As a student, I am not very much exposed to different kinds of people, different situations of everyday life, and to different communities as well. In our immersion that was held twice, I have seen those. It made me realized how blessed I am compared with them. So I have attained the urge of taking it as challenge. I am challenge because I am not typically a patient person and not really good in teaching. As a beginner, you must possess virtues like integrity, dedication, fairness and an open mind to greet new ideas and innovate. You should also bear in mind the value of positive reinforcement. I was also taught that we should always establish good relationships with the kids. I witnessed many scenes that a teacher encounters in her teaching career. I felt what a professional teacher felt when she wants her students to learn something new from her. Here, I felt pity with the students not having a proper care from their family. I learned so many things in this teaching experience. I learned how to be more prepared for the materials that I needed, to be patient in making my student understand our lesson, and to be a good listener. I learned the difficulty of teaching many students and the joy I got from it. I learned how to have sympathy for others, to understand their weaknesses and to appreciate their abilities. Most of all, I learned how to socialize with other people, expose myself to the community and adopt their surroundings. LTS helped me develop and grow even more as a student. It opened our minds for us to be able to understand the different circumstances as to what the children experienced. It helped us not to be judgmental to these children and instead to extend our patience until they will be able to understand what is taught to them. We always end our program with a prayer, making the children realized that whatever happens, we should always thank God about everything for what He had given to us, that we should ask for forgiveness and hoping that by the next immersion, it would be much better.

How have Laptops Shaped our World?

How have Laptops Shaped our World? Bilal Irfan The invention of the laptop is one of the most remarkable innovations that has occurred in our modern world. A laptop is a little, convenient personal computer, that is portable and suitable for use during different occurrences including traveling. After the development of a personal computer on January 1st, 1971, engineers and scientists wished to on such a technology, and by the start of 1981, the first laptop known as Osborne 1 was released. Laptops have impacted society and shaped our world in numerous methods that we have only just started to discover. It is difficult to think back and say who invented the laptop. The idea of a computer can be dated back to when individuals utilized math device to do redundant count in 300 B.C. After more than 2000 years of enhancements, a mechanical computer was developed in the twentieth century, which played out a couple capacities and was immense in size. In 1968, the first laptop known as the Dynabook was developed by Alan Key. It didnt get much consideration since it couldnt perform many errands and was not very helpful. However, it made the stage for an imaginative development that would change the world. A decade later, in 1979, William Moggridge made the clamshell notebook computer, the Grid Compass 1100. Though these initial  developments and designs faded out, only a few years later in 1983, the first device or machine to be marketed as a laptop was sold, Gavilan SC. Shortly after, rivaling companies emerged that improved and perfected the technology, leading to our present day laptops . Laptops have extraordinarily affected the world. Two decades prior, who could have imagined that we would convey our very own personal computers with us wherever we go? They are a standout among the most helpful and affecting creations of the 21st century. Some time recently, one had to be in an office or at home with a desktop to complete work or peruse the web. Now, one can be outside, in a coffee shop, or wherever and still have the capacity to work. Additionally, students can learn and take notes all the more successfully in class now because of the laptop. Even in day to day things, laptops come as a convenience and save a load of time such can be seen in transportation. Airways, Roadways and waterways use laptops to control their operation. It saves time and relieves the severity of traveling difficulties. Other utility facilities like Electricity, Water, Agriculture, etc. are more sophisticated and improved by laptop influence. Laptops also serve a vital role in the medical fi eld, as patient data and medical information is stored inside of a laptop. Despite the fact that the laptop is an extremely imaginative and valuable innovation, it has its faults. Laptops are difficult to upgrade. In this way, when one purchases a laptop he or she is stuck with it for 3-4 years after which the laptop begins having issues. By then the laptop ought to be replaced. Since the moment laptops were invented, a world of new ideas, inventions, and ease was opened up. Yet, along with the many benefits of a laptop, there are evident and harmful drawbacks. Laptops and their relative ease to carry around and use whenever free has resulted in addiction for some users. According to the University of Stanford, 160 million American use laptops on a general day to day basis, with 5.9% of them believing that relationships suffered due to excessive internet use. Laptop addiction has resulted in various health issues including but not limited to shoulder cramps, vision fatigues, pain in the neck. Government agencies have started programs and invested money into researching about laptop addiction, and finding solutions to the problem without reducing the positive impact of laptops on society. In China, the government started a 3 week summer camp program where children are exposed to nature and wilderness, away from any laptops. This has resulted in a positive imp act on the childrens lives, enabling them to understand the dangers of laptop addiction and how to stay away from it. Laptops are one of the most revolutionary and useful items we use in the 21st Century. They have made our lives more convenient and easier. One can work, surf the internet, and carry out various other tasks almost any place you go. There are many advantages to having a laptop, however, everything has its disadvantages as well.   The advantages include its portability and convenience. Its disadvantages are that some of its features are not as strong as a desktops such as processor speed and memory. There has been great progress made in the computer industry which has led to the laptops of today and it continuing to be made. Laptops have a very bright future with many useful and innovative designs and versions to come. Laptops continue to impact our lives and society till today, and further advancements will only improve upon that impact.   Ã‚   Works Cited Admin. Computers How They Have Changed Our Lives. Technology News Reviews Information about Mobile Computers Software Electronics. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2017. Computers and Their Impact. Computers and Their Impact. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2017. Lopol.org. Computers and Our Life: How Have Computers Changed Our Life? | Lopol.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2017. Maliki-liki. Laptops and How They Have Changed the World. Laptops and How They Have Changed the World. N.p., 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 10 Feb. 2017.

How to Setup Multilink :: essays research papers fc

To set up a network connection using multiple modems 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Set up a Dial-Up Networking connection using one modem. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Dial-Up Networking folder, right-click the connection icon and click Properties. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the Multilink tab, click Use additional devices, and then click Add. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Edit Extra Device, select the device you want to add to the connection, and then click OK. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Repeat Steps 3 and 4 until you have added all the modems you want. Notes * To set up a Multilink Connection, you must have two or more modems installed on your computer, one phone line for each modem, and an ISP that supports PPP and multilink connections. *If the first modem connects successfully but the second modem fails to connect, multilink is probably not supported by the ISP. *Multilink is part of Dial-Up Networking. It is not available when using other communications programs. *Although Multilink is designed for ISDN modems, it can be used by two or more analog modems of the same or different speeds. However, using analog modems can cause serial overrun errors that impair the performance of the multilink connection. English | Espaà ±ol | Franà §ais Modem Sharing Device Modem Sharing Device: Our intelligent Modem Sharing Devices save you money on your telephone bills by eliminating or more effectively using your phone lines. Each of these Modem Sharing Devices is designed to the highest quality standards because we know that your phone system has to always work. Each Modem Sharing Device is for a slightly different application but they are all designed to save you money. These products are much more than Modem Sharing Devices. They are money saving telecommunication products. Review the Modem Sharing Devices below. Click on the links to find out more. Chances are you will find one that will meet your needs. Any of these Modem Sharing Devices could save you thousands! Exactly how much money will a modem sharing device save me? The Stickâ„ ¢ -Modem Sharing Device for the small business. 3 Year Warranty High quality Single Line Modem Sharing Device on the market today. Perfect Modem Sharing Device for your small or home business. Automatically routes calls to the right device every time! Use up to four telecommunication devices on one line. Click here to find out more about this Modem Sharing Device. Your Price only $139.00 Delivered* The Stick II â„ ¢ - Modem Sharing Device for your two-line home or business. 3 Year Warranty Highest quality 2-line Modem Sharing Device available anywhere.

HNC Managing People Essay -- GCSE HNC Managing People Assignment

HNC Managing People Assignment Responsible for: Â · Recruitment, selection, training, and development of all staff. Â · The Management and Leadership of a team of 5 people. Â · The overall training budget of the Company. Â · Company Legislation appertaining to HR. Management and Employee Welfare. Duties include: Â · To produce accurate conditions of service contracts and process instructions for all aspects of salary payments for employee starters and leavers. Â · To issue accurate pay instructions to organisational pay services, ensuring information is received and processed, chasing queries as and when necessary. Â · To liaise with pay services on discrepancies, etc and inform members of staff of responses, ensuring all issues are dealt with in a timely manner. Â · To distribute pay slips to all employees on payroll. Â · To monitor and accurately maintain sick leave records for all staff, liaising with managers and the welfare service where appropriate. Â · To update and maintain the computerised Personnel system, ensuring data is accurate at all times. Â · To administer the recruitment process in an efficient and effective manner ensuring timescales and procedures are adhered to. Â · To act as an usher and provide assistance at interviews, selection tests and other assessments when required. Â · To act as HR representative on recruitment boards, as and when necessary. Â · To provide ‘first day’ induction to new employees in line with corporate policy. Â · To administer the flexible working scheme for staff. Â · To request references, health clearance, and security clearance for potential employees. Â · To fulfil the requirements of equal opportunities policy and procedures and implement equality principles and practices within the context of the job. The successful candidate must be able to prioritise work and meet deadlines, communicate effectively and have attention to detail. It essential that the successful candidate has intermediate to advanced MS Office skills and, ideally you will have a personnel qualification or be willing to study for the Certificate in Personnel Practice. Task 2 Interviews Interviews are a good way of the interviewer and interviewee of getting to known more information about the job and suitability of each other for the job, it is seen to be a... ... * Define the priority of each job responsibility and goal. * Define performance standards for key components of the job. * Hold discussions and provide feedback about employee performance, * Maintain a record of performance. * Provide the opportunity for broader feedback. Use a 360-degree performance feedback system that incorporates feedback from the employee's peers, customers, and people who may report to them * Develop and administer a coaching and improvement plan if the employee is not meeting expectations. Task 7 - Delegation Before delegating your workload you must identify a suitable person for the task. Prepare the person. Explain the task clearly. Make sure that you are understood. Make sure the person has the necessary authority to do the job properly. State reasons as to why the job needs delegating and when it needs to be done by. After the work has been delegated you should keep in touch with the person for support and monitoring progress. . Accept alternative approaches if they are necessary and Praise / Acknowledge a job well done. You should give the individual feedback on how they are doing and deal with any issues that do occur.

My Experience as a Teenage Mother Essay -- Personal Narrative Pregnanc

My Experience as a Teenage Mother Twenty-six years have brought many changes to my home in the mountains of East Tennessee: one of the most important of these changes being the slow dissolution of what I call the ‘racial divide’. This change had just begun to take place when I found myself a frightened pregnant teenager growing up in the small community of Shell Creek in Carter County, Tennessee. It was 1977 and of the few hundred people in town, I was certain I would be the first to have a child that was half black and half white. My parents divorced when I was ten years old, so I grew up in my grandparents’ home, a place filled with love and acceptance. My grandparents had never imparted any type of prejudice, racial or otherwise to my young mind. However, I knew the Baptist church Grandma attended every Sunday warned against bi-racial relationships.. My grandparents were devout and sincere in their faith so they accepted this way of thinking. Would my family ever be able to accept this child I was carrying? I didn’t think they could at the time so I kept my secret. Telling the child’s father was out of the question as I knew he was not interested in me or our child. My pregnancy was a bi-product of youth and ignorance. The summer of 1977 passed quickly for me and the child growing inside me. I thought of the baby as a boy, although I had no idea what sex my baby was. Sometimes I wondered what he would look like. Was he smart? What would he become? Mostly I wondered how my family would react to him. How in the world was I going to raise a child alone? Being only sixteen, I was still a child myself. I knew I had only a few months to discover an answer to my question. By late fall I was b... ...nge. As she removed the tiny diaper, I saw what appeared to be a large bruise on the little boy’s bottom. My heart raced and I saw red in both eyes. â€Å"What have you done to my baby?† I screamed loud enough to wake the exhausted woman sharing my room. I lifted my sore body from the bed with angry force.† Where did he get that bruise?† I demanded. The startled nurse looked at me like I was insane. â€Å"That’s a Mongolian spot, very common in mixed babies,† she explained. â€Å"It’s not a big deal. I promise no one has hurt him.† At that moment I knew I loved the little boy like I’d never loved before. I would protect him with my life, giving him all the love in my heart. I had to figure out how to be the mother he deserved. Logan and I left the hospital together the next morning. Logan is in Iraq fighting for freedom and I came home to the mountains I love.

Breaking Unhealthy Habits through Continuous Realization, Planning, and Actualization Essay

The unhealthy habits of a person may differ from another in terms of its nature, quantity, and occurrence. In fact, it is common and quite predictable for an individual to develop at least one unhealthy habit (Van Dusen, 2008). Unhealthy habits may include common examples such as cigarette smoking, frequent and excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages, and overeating unhealthy food variants. As one can see from the examples, unhealthy habits are usually common practices of numerous individuals; thus, they are generally overlooked. However, there is a reason as to why such habits are termed as unhealthy. The reason for the term is that one’s personal health and welfare are compromised through the practice of such habits. Hence, keeping unhealthy habits are a considerable risk to an individual. Therefore, there is a need for individuals to take action and finally break unhealthy habits. The process of breaking unhealthy habits can be divided into three major segments which are realization, planning, and actualization. In terms of realization, an individual must assess the unhealthy habits that he or she currently practices and must understand the possible repercussions by continuing such negative practices. In fact, it has been determined that the problem as to why people rarely break free from unhealthy habits is that they do not realize the dangers associated with their actions (Van Dusen, 2008). If an individual will completely be able to understand the negative effects of his or her unhealthy habits, then questions regarding the reason why such habits should be or should not be continued will arise. For example, a male smoker may think that cigarette smoking is good since it helps in keeping the alertness of a person; on the other hand, he may also think about the detrimental effects that smoking has on the body such as increased risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. When the individual finally realizes that the negative aspects generally outweigh the positive ones, then the next segment of breaking unhealthy habits can be initiated. Planning pertains to the possible actions that one can make in order to move away from continuously doing an unhealthy habit. Using the male smoker again as an example, he may plan to eliminate all the cigarettes that he currently has and remove all related objects or signs as well. In addition, the smoker may also opt to consult experts in cases of nicotine addiction in order to gain further knowledge and potential solutions to his problem. The expert may provide medical solutions to such a problem by offering specific sets of drugs to help the body adjust to the condition of being nicotine free. In this sense, an individual with an unhealthy habit may plan to conduct actions that will prevent further occurrence of the habit itself by eliminating the root causes and associated objects or consulting with consulting experts or medical professionals when applicable. Hence, planning to break an unhealthy habit may be conducted personally or with the help of others. The last segment of the process pertains to actualization. This is quite self-explanatory since planning will be of no use if not followed. Therefore, a person that has assessed and planned what he or she must do in order to break an unhealthy habit must not only start out his or her plan but stick to it as well. Given this, an individual that initiates ways in order to remove the unhealthy habit but ends up quitting halfway will obviously be not successful in eliminating the unhealthy habit. Thus, one can only determine that a person has broken free of unhealthy habits if the person does not return to doing it for a long period of time. In this sense, breaking an unhealthy habit is not defined by being free of such unhealthy actions in the short period after the actualization of the plans. Keeping clean of unhealthy habits requires continuous conviction and belief that returning to the practice of unhealthy habits will only bring forth negative consequences. Therefore, breaking unhealthy habits and maintaining a state free of such habits is not easy, but through a continuous sense and understanding of the three segments discussed, it is highly probable that the individual will be successful in his or her pursuit.

Reparations: African Americans Justice Essay

The United States government should pay reparations to African Americans as a means of admitting their wrong-doing and making amends. The damages African Americans have sustained from White America’s policy of slavery have been agonizing and inhumane. Therefore, I am in favor of reparations for African Americans. The effect of slavery has been an enduring issue within the African American community. Many of us are cognizant of the harm racism brought to the African American race, conveyed through slavery, racial segregation and discrimination. African Americans suffered many atrocities, but the greatest damage done to them was the destruction of they’re original identity. African Americans no longer have a native language or any African customs to connect them to Africa. Today, African Americans are connected together because they all share a common foundation-the horrendous experience of slavery-and the great effort to conquer its lingering result. (www. AcedemicLibrary. com) Americans should realize the magnitude of slavery’s consequences on African Americans as a whole. Blacks were brainwashed and stripped of self-esteem and taught to be ashamed of dark color of their skin. Many African Americans have effortlessly tried to advocate â€Å"Black Pride†, trying to re-instill self-worth and being proud of our distinct facial and body features, and darker complexions. African Americans had zilch to begin with after the abolishment of slavery in 1865. Slaves were promised a â€Å"mule/ and 40 acres† and they didn’t live to receive it nor did generations to follow; because the American government has yet to live up to its word. The fruit of the slaves’ labor was stolen from the â€Å"land of the free†. The victims of the White people’s African slave trade never experienced such freedom. This race deserves compensation for the mistreatment Pongee Bryant it has suffered and continues to endure. Paying reparations to the descendants of African American slaves would bring about a tremendous improvement for the advancement of Black America. (Douglass, Fredrick, 1845, Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass). White Americans have profited from education, life experiences, riches that were handed down by their ancestors. As well, African Americans have been handed down the hardship of race-related issues, poverty, and the unknown history of their past. African Americans have constantly been inflicted with the social status of their low-income level in contrast with that of White Americans. America should be ashamed for their mistreatment of a race that did not ask or even desire to reside in this country. Yet, they still wear their ugly face of racism, and discrimination, and only seek to segregate African Americans, as if they were at fault. Americans may argue Blacks shouldn’t be complaining, whining, and to pull themselves up by their boot straps. Well, Martin Luther King once said â€Å"White America wants us to pull ourselves up from our boot straps, but we don’t have any boots†. (Shuttlesworth, Fred, 1999, A Fire You Can’t Put Out). The U. S. government has a moral responsibility to this race of people to compensate, African American’s because they were denied their heritage, religion, family, and culture. America alleges it is a religious-based country and their faith resides in God. The bible says: â€Å"If a man steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. † This country consistently contradicts itself in the way it wants to be perceived. If America has any belief in God, they should feel an obligation to compensate the African American descendants of slave ancestors. (Exodus 22, Bible). Pongee Bryant White Americans may argue that the country did enough when it passed the Civil Rights Act in 1960. They may also state America has enough resources and equal opportunity for each individual of every race to succeed. However, there is a huge wealth gap in social status among blacks and whites mostly because of oppression, discrimination and racism toward the modern day contemporary black. Whether anybody wants to admit it, there is still a glass ceiling (i. e. ,a status barrier) against African Americans. Reparations would bring African Americans justice and economic power in this country. There are numerous black reparation organizations which could receive the money and distribute it evenly among African Americans, to incorporate black-owned businesses, home ownership, and better education selective for young and old blacks. These reparation organizations could also invest money into smaller black-owned businesses, and other industries that would further the African American race, and ensure a rapid growth of African American middle-class and beyond. (Robert J. Brym/ John Lie, Sociology) The exploitation of African Americans in this country took on many forms through decades. The centuries of slavery in this country laid the foundation of our current relationship to America. From cotton fields to building America’s most significant buildings African Americans have helped build the wealth in this country. Yet, the African American race has endured the most terrorism from the Ku Klux Klan, lynchings, plantation jails, police torture and murder, and poverty. Slavery was a crime against humanity; and it still is in existence in many other ways and forms. America has created a system with, voter discrimination, drugs, and drug sentences to keep the African Pongee Bryant American man enslaved. The government should compensate the African American race and put an end to a never-ending oppression cycle. The government of the United States of America was instrumental in having pressured the German and Japanese governments into the payments of reparations to the people who suffered and survived the crimes and legacy of slavery endured during World War II. The government of the United States has also already paid reparations to the Japanese-Americans who were detained in concentration camps during World War II. America calls herself a fair nation: a civilized country which respects civil and human rights, encourages opportunity for and well-being of all her people, and can be trusted by other nations as a county whom honors her word. Well, America promised African Americans 40 acres and a mule and didn’t live up to her promise. America’s attitude and silence on reparations reeks of hypocrisy. (X, Malcolm, Biography of Malcolm X). America should also pay reparations to African Americans because they consistently want us to labor for their work and take all the credit. For instance America is at fault for African American dead and injured men who served and were drafted in the Vietnam War. America put young black men on the front-line of a war they had nothing to do with nor helped contribute to. America wanted a race that was not yet â€Å"capable† of voting but was competent enough to fight in a war. A race that did not have the option of drinking from any fountain, sitting anywhere on a bus, using any bathroom, however we were fit for fighting. The point is America constantly benefits from African Americans, but refuses to compensate African Americans for their contributions to this country. (www. AcedemicLibrary. com).

Influence of Nature and Nurture Developmental Research Essay

How many bald, six-foot-six, 250-pound volunteer firefighters in New Jersey wear droopy mustaches, aviator-style eyeglasses, and a the influence of nature versus key ring on the right side of the belt? nurture. The answer is two: Gerald Levey and Mark Newman. They are twins who were separated at birth. Each twin did not even know 25. 2 Describe developmental the other existed until they were reunited—in a fire station—by a research techniques. fellow firefighter. . . The lives of the twins, although separate, took remarkably similar 25.Discuss prenatal paths. Levey went to college, studying forestry; Newman planned to development. study forestry in college but instead took a job trimming trees. . . . Both men are unmarried and find the same kind of woman attractive: â€Å"tall, slender, long hair. † They share similar hobbies, enjoying hunting, fishing, going to the beach, and watching old John Wayne movies and professional wrestling. Both like Chinese food and d rink the same brand of beer. learning outcomes 25. 1 Compare and contrast The remarkable range of similarities we see in many pairs of identical twins raises one of the fundamental questions posed by developmental psychology, the study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life. The question is this: How can we distinguish between the environmental causes of behavior (the influence of parents, siblings, family, friends, schooling, nutrition, and all the other experiences to which a child is exposed) and hereditary causes (those based on the genetic makeup of an individual that influence growth and development throughout life)? This question embodies the nature–nurture issue. In this context, nature refers to hereditary factors, and nurture to environmental influences. Although the question was first posed as a nature-versus-nurture issue, developmental psychologists today agree that both nature Gerald Levey and Mark Newman 282 Chapter 8 development and nurture interact to produce specific developmental patterns and outDevelopmental psychology The comes. Consequently, the question has evolved into How and to what degree branch of psychology that studies the do environment and heredity both produce their effects? No one grows up patterns of growth and change that free of environmental influences, nor does anyone develop without being occur throughout life. affected by his or her inherited genetic makeup. However, the debate over Nature–nurture issue The issue of the comparative influence of the two factors remains active, with different the degree to which environment and approaches and different theories of development emphasizing the environ- heredity influence behavior. ment or heredity to a greater or lesser degree (Pinker, 2002; Gottesman & Hanson, 2005; Rutter, 2006). For example, some developmental theories rely on basic psychological principles of learning and stress the role learning plays in producing changes in The nature–nurture issue behavior in a developing child. Such theories emphasize the role of the enviis a key question that is ronment in development. In contrast, other developmental theories emphasize pervasive throughout the the influence of one’s physiological makeup and functioning on development. field of psychology, asking Such theories stress the role of heredity and aturation—the unfolding of biohow and to what degree logically predetermined patterns of behavior—in producing developmental environment and heredity change. Maturation can be seen, for instance, in the development of sex characproduce their joint effects. teristics (such as breasts and body hair) that occurs at the start of adolescence. Despite their differences over theory, developmental psychologists concur on some points. They agree that genetic factors not only provide the potential for specific behaviors or traits to emerge, but also place limitations on the emergence of such behavior or traits. For instance, heredity defines people’s general level of intelligence, setting an upper limit that—regardless of the quality of the environment—people cannot exceed. Heredity also places limits on physical abilities; humans simply cannot run at a speed of 60 miles an hour, nor will they grow as tall as 10 feet, no matter what the quality of their environment (Dodge, 2004; Pinker, 2004). Figure 1 lists some of the characteristics most affected by heredity. As you consider these items, it is important to keep in mind that these characteristics are not entirely determined by heredity, for environmental factors also play a role. Developmental psychologists also agree that in most instances environmental factors play a critical role in enabling people to reach the potential capabilities that their genetic background makes possible. If Albert Einstein had received no intellectual stimulation as a child and had not been sent to s tudy aler t Height Weight Obesity Tone of voice Physical Characteristics Blood pressure Tooth decay Athletic ability Firmness of handshake Age of death Activity level Intellectual Characteristics

Evaluating Reference Sources Essay

After gathering reference sources, carefully examine them with specific and general questions designed to determine whether they are relevant to the research question or topic under consideration. There are four primary questions to ask about a list of references, including: 1) How well do sources answer the question? 2) Does an expert provide the information? 3) Is the source valid? and 4) Is there a variety of references included, and not just one point of view?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The way to decide if a source is appropriate is to read the Table of Contents and Indexes inside a book and see if the material matches your topic. In an article, read the captions underneath the pictures and charts first, then the first sentence of each paragraph. Usually the pictures and graphs will give you the gist of the article, while the text helps to explain it. Be careful to consider the credentials of all references. Someone with experience, training, and certification in a field of study is considered an expert. Their studied opinion will then substantiate your opinions on a topic. For example, a PhD psychologist working with children for 30 years would be more of an expert on attention deficit than, say, an auto mechanic. Other questions to consider are the following: 1.Is the information unbiased? For example, do you accept a claim from the Sugar Growers Association that sugar is necessary to the human diet and does not cause cavities or Type II Diabetes? 2. Do the authors openly report their sources? Be careful of research articles that do not give full information. 3. Do authors state their research methods as well as results? If methods are not discussed, the research may be faulty. 4. Is the research up-to-date? For example, if you are writing about hybrid cars, an article from 1943 is not valid. Generally use sources that are 5 – 10 years old or newer. Finally, it is important to use a variety of points of view and opinions concerning a topic so that there will be enough evidence from all sides for making a balanced judgment. Do not depend only on a single source, or look for material biased only toward a particular point of view. Collect several appropriate sources, and review the combined information from that collection in order to analyze it to determine your own opinion. Using the questions above, you will have chosen information that is balanced, current, detailed, and scientifically correct. REFERENCES Arlov, P. (2007).Wordsmith: A Guide to College Writing. Third Edition. Prentice Hall Arlov, P. (2004).Wordsmith: A Guide to College Writing. Second Edition. Prentice Hall

Ismg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Ismg - Essay Example These are the responsive solution providers and new capability enablers. At Alcan, the rapid changes that are commonly recorded can be associated or linked to the fact that customers are always making different choices on the kind of mineral and metal products they want to own on buy. Competitors in the industry are also change oriented thereby undertaking rapid changes that calls for the need for Alcan to also change its style of operation to meet the competition presented by competitors. Finally, government has a lot of say in determining the prices and profit margin of the company. For this reason, the company continues to be a rapid or fast rate of change organization. Among the two models given by the Accenture IT governance model that fits Alcan, new capability enabler is deemed the very best for the company because of the fact that Alcan is a manufacturer rather than a service provider. Alcan is said to be product oriented because it produces metal and mineral products. Meanwh ile, responsive solution providers IT governance model are highly concerned and linked to companies that work on operational efficiency. There are three major IT governance styles or systems from which Alcan may be classified. These are decentralized, centralized or hybrid. Hybrid is a combination of centralized and decentralized IT governance styles. Meanwhile at Alcan, there is only one IT governance style and that is the decentralization IT governance style. Alcan is a company made up of several departments across several countries in different parts of the world. In a typical decentralized IT governance style, the various departments and agencies of the company are absolutely independent on their IT system decisions and operations. This is clearly seen in the case of Alcan as departments are free to make decisions on their own with the making of strategic plans to lead the departments in delivery of its IT needs. The various departments are also free to

Work Based Learning in the Creative and Cultural Industries Assignment - 1

Work Based Learning in the Creative and Cultural Industries - Assignment Example When examining the swine flu and the responses that are a part of the work place and society, there is also a relation to the media and the way that information is portrayed to society. From one angle, the swine flu and the implications of this virus should be based on complete and truthful information. Having this would allow the public to respond in the correct way and would create a difference in how culture, businesses and different arenas of life looked at the flu. However, there are also other angles that the media adds into the swine flu and different pieces of news. Instead of basing this on complete fact and information, there is a change in the information that is presented. Often, this comes from limited knowledge on the swine flu. At other times, this is related to the cultural stigma that is surrounding what is happening. While writing this report, I found that it is important to recognize what the media is saying as well as how knowledgeable they are on a subject. It is important to look beyond cultural expectations, information that is presented at a surface level and the way that society responds as a whole as well as in places such as the work place. Looking at the way that media depicts certain ideas and being able to distinguish beyond this is essential to finding the real information and knowledge that is a part of different epidemics, such as the swine

Customer Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Customer Management - Research Paper Example â€Å"Customer retention refers to the ability of a company or product to retain its customers over some specified period. High customer retention means customers of the product or business tend to return to, continue to buy or in some other way not defect to another product or business, or to non-use entirely†.(Wikipedia,2017) With the cost of customer acquisition rising, retention is a priority for banking institutions. Majority of the products and services offered by a bank can be easily replicated by another bank, the only factors on which they can differentiate are price, customer management and quality. Thus, customer retention is potentially the solution that banks can use to gain an upper hand and survive in an extremely competent banking industry(Inkumsah 2013). â€Å"As per Harvard Business School report, on average, increasing customer retention rates by 5% increases profits by 25%-95%†(Anon 2017). Customer Retention helps in advances in revenue generation, p roduct development, marketing, customer feedback, branding, differentiation, along with causing less stress to bank employees, getting more interaction and feedback from the customers. Analytics play an important part in banks' retention strategies. Banks, by using analytical techniques on appropriate enablers can see a significant increase in new customers and elongated relationships with existing ones.

Smartphone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Smartphone - Essay Example The will be able to produce a cell that can retain charge for a long time and which is appealing to their consumers because of its light weight. The company will incur a cost of ?830,000 to make a slim durable cell. This will enable them to capture the Smartphone market before the Korean rivals. For MidlandsPhones to be able to achieve their targets, they will have to commit a lot of resources to accomplish this undertaking. The company has adequately planned for skilled directors and other staff members to execute the plan (Lewis, 200, p. 65). The aim of the MidlandsPhones Company is to launch their product before the December so that during the vacation, they can be able to make significant sales. Another target is to be the first company to enter into the market with a light and long lasting battery for a Smartphone (Sheila, 2008). Finally, the company will have to carry out thorough market research to ensure they have an adequate potential to meet customers’ requirements. As a result, the company has set aside a lot of resources to complete their project with the set time and achieve their objectives. Getting into the market earlier than before the entry of any other rival is crucial because it will help the MidlandsPhones Company to capture market share and strengthen their competitive potential. This company will also be able to raise enough funds to cover for expenses incurred during research. It will also help them to mitigate the anticipated decline in market growth in the year 2013 as a result of increasing rivalry. The MidlandsPhones Company has partnered with PowerDev Company to ensure the proposed plan has succeeded. They have formed a strong production and marketing team who will avail the product for sale after four months once the project commences. The MidlandsPhones will also be able to utilize the resources available for the project and work within the set time to ensure smooth running of the activities. This will assist them to avoid unnecessary delays which would otherwise result to stiff rivalry from other producers. Having experienced project team is of paramount importance because it will ensure efficiency of resource use and timely launching of the product. Question 2: Reasons for Venture Preparation and Appendices (a). Scope (appendix 1) The project staff should set the time period with which they will achieve their specific goals (Urquhart-Brown, 2008, p. 54). They should also establish qualified project workers which will ensure the set goals are achieved within specified time. In addition, they should utilize all the available resources effectively to ensure the plans are attained. The staff should set the means and frequency of disseminating of information within themselves and with the company’s management to ensure adequate coordination of the activities. The MidlandsPhones will launch the new Smartphone with light and durable battery towards the end of November 2012. To ensure this plan is ac hieved, the company has established a strong establishment staff headed by an experienced production and marketing manager who will direct the members during the entire project period. The project staff will work to ensure the product is ready for market starting on first December 2013. The staff will also mobilize all the available resources to ensure the company’s target is achieved. They will also ensure that the company’

'Systematic' approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

'Systematic' approach - Essay Example An organizations success depends on qualities of the employees working in that organization. For achieving the goals of the organization, the organization required right quantity and quality of employees. By understanding the learning need the organization can improve the capabilities of the employees. By providing learning opportunities to the employees helps to achieve personnel and carrier goal and able to increase the employees engagement. This helps to improve the productivity of the organization. Learning â€Å"is acquiring new knowledge behaviors, skills, values, preferences or understanding, and may involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals and some machines. Progress over time tends to follow learning curves.Human learning may occur as part of education, personal development, or training. It may be goal-oriented and may be aided by motivation. The study of how learning occurs is part of neuropsychology, educational psychology, learning theory, and pedagogy.† (Learning, 2010). An organization’s ability to learn and translate that learning into action is the ultimate competitive advantage. In each and every organization using learning process learning is mainly using for the purpose train the employees it is a continuous process and it is a step by step process it is a systematic approach. Learning is the process by which people select organize or interpret attach meaning to the event happening the environment. Learning and developments involves the continual improvement of companies in the organization. The learning source may including workers ideas, consumers input, research and development (R&D) and best practice sharing and benchmarking. The learning result give more satisfaction and versatile of employees. In each and every organization have there on approaches they must realize that by continuously developing and training their employees

Homosexuality in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Homosexuality in China - Research Paper Example As a result, there is a possibility that the number of such relationships may be increasing in the country. In recognition of this fact, this paper will examine the issue of homosexuality in China. This will be done with a close reference to the short story "The Bridegroom" by Ha Jin. The story is about a strange marriage between Beina and Baowen Huang who unexpectedly proposes to her to the shock of everyone who did not expect such a handsome young man would think of marrying her despite her â€Å"stocky and stout† figure as her guardian and the narrator describes (p 472). However, as months go by in their marriage, there are no signs of her having a child. It is only after eight months that Beina’s guardian discovers that her daughter married a man with homosexual orientations without feelings for women. It is also surprising that her daughter was seemingly comfortable with this situation. From this story, we are able to discover that homosexuality was an ancient practice in China but because of various issues, the men and women involved did not come out openly with it. One of the major challenges that the gay society faced in the story by Jin is that of a legal perspective towards their sexual orientation as will be discussed below. The legal environment was not favorable for the survival of the homosexuals. It is even to the surprise of the family members of Beina when it is discovered that Baowen and his â€Å"Buddies† were meeting at night in a club (Jin 474). The fear by the men or members of the gay community in the country to come out in the open was founded on the fact that they knew that their practice had legal implications. As a matter of fact, when the inspector of police in the story breaks the news of arrest to the families of the men in the story, he talks of sentencing the men â€Å"from six months to five years...†

The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant and Roman Fever by Edith Wharton Essay

The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant and Roman Fever by Edith Wharton - Essay Example This essay explores the importance of endings in two stories "The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant, and "Roman Fever" by Edith Wharton. Ending have been used to facilitate an unexpected change of plot /achieve plot twist towards the end in the two stories. The type of ending used here is called twist ending. There is an unexpected change of outcome towards the end of the story and this brings up an unexpected conclusion to the story. For example, the two women start talking about the mix of love relationships they had before they just got married. Mrs. Ansley had been in love with the husband of Mrs. Slade before he married her. The two woman had been living as friends since childhood and were now chatting as friends as well. Just towards the end of the story, they reveal the grudges they have had against each other all this years and the tricks they had played on each other. For old woman, and both being widows, this is not the kind of thing anyone would expect them to hold much impor tance to youthful love battles (Wharton 1). Looking at the story the necklace, the author has also successfully managed to use a twist ending. Loisel and her had bought a new necklace for Mrs. Forester to replace the lost necklace and had kept this as a secret between themselves for 10 good years. They had been paying dearly for it and no one would expect that Loisel would want to reveal it least it brings up an enemity between them. Surprisingly, Loisel decided to tell Mrs. Forester the truth. To her amazement, she was not angered, instead, Mrs. Forester showed love to her old friend and even confessed that her original necklace was not real diamond nut fake, costing only five hundred francs (Maupassant 1). The importance of the use of twist ending in the two stories allows the readers of the two stories to re-evaluate the narratives and their characters as well. For example, one would have thought Mrs. Forester as a harsher strict women because of the fear in Loisel and her husban d. However, a reverse of this was revealed when she takes Loisel in two hands and tells her the truth behind her old necklaces. The type of ending is also important in allowing the readers to make discoveries in the two stories for example, only through the last portion of the story do the readers come to know the things that contributed to the somehow cold type of friendship and hidden grudges between Mrs. Ansley and Mrs. Slade. It reveals the romantic rivalry in their youth that made Mrs Slade to harbour feelings of hatred and jealousy against Mrs Ansley. By the words of Mrs. Ansley, †I had Barbara†, it reveals Barbara was an illegitimate child she had with Delphin, Mrs. Slades husband. At the same time, it helps to reveal the truth behind the rich-looking nature of Mrs Forester. She was not that rich but she gained status by going for substitutes and no one knew of this. Endings have also been used in the two stories to surprise their audiences. This type of ending is called surprise ending. The use of surprise ending as revealed in the last lines by Mrs. Ansley in the story the Roman fever. No reader would imagine the daughters of the two women were not only friends. They were sisters. Mrs. Ansley surprises her friend and the audience of the story by speaking in a way that revealed that Mrs. Slade’s plan to disappoint her friend and make her separate from her fiancee had turned out to be her luck. The

Lesotho Case Essay Example for Free

Lesotho Case Essay Lesotho Case Study BY byrne280 The Market and the Mountain Kingdom: Change in Lesothos Textile Industry Apartheid and the resulting sanctions against South Africa are what ultimately created the textile industry in Lesotho. Aside from the workers that have historically worked across the border in South African mines, the arrival of the textile industry gave Lesotho its first real participation in the global economy. Otherwise the Lesotho economy consists mostly of subsistence farming. The textile industry gives Lesotho an opportunity to participate in trade with the rest of the world and ideally benefit rom globalization. Geographically, Lesotho is uniquely landlocked and in a complete enclave of the country of South Africa. It is the abundance of affordable labor that has attracted clothing manufacturing firms, mostly from Asia that then bring the finished products to the world markets, primarily the United States and Europe. Lesotho has been an appealing location for textile manufacturing in part because of world trade agreements such as the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA), the Lom © Convention and the African Growth and Opportunity act (AGOA). All of these trade greements have expired or are set to expire in some capacity as of the writing of the subject case study, The Market and the Mountain Kingdom: Change in Lesothos Textile Industry written in November of 2006. I will be examining these trade agreements and other factors to determine the costs and benefits of each. Lesotho is at a crucial stage of economic development and the decisions that the government makes will affect the quality of life for the people of Lesotho for years to come. Through this examination of the past there are many lessons to be learned from these previous trade policies. In some ways, these policies benefit other countries more than Lesotho. Hopefully these lessons can be applied to a plan of action for the government of Lesotho. It is my recommendation that the government of Lesotho evaluate the causes and effects of these policies as well as the costs and benefits. Going forward Lesotho should do more to empower and educate its own people rather than rely on preferential trade policies. It is not my point that Lesotho should not take advantage of trade policies while they are in place but it has repeatedly set itself up for failure when trade policies expire. Analysis of Previous Policies Affecting the Lesotho Textile Industry The Lom © Convention: The Lom © Convention was the first experiment in development and co-operation between Europe and Africa after colonial rule. It was established in 1975 and during the 1980s greatly benefited Lesotho by providing a developmental spark to the textile industry. It also provided for a smoother separation from British colonization and was a good stepping stone for development. As result, Lesotho along with other former colonies benefited from preferential trade with Europe. However the agreement went through five major evisions as needs changed and finally expired completely in 2007. The Lom © convention can be credited for providing a short-cut to development for developing former colonies but the preferential treatment was not sustainable long term. It was changed to require that the raw materials originate from a former colony as well. Since Lesotho does not produce its own raw materials and imports most of raw materials from China rather than other former colonies, the policy was already outdated before it expired. This left a 17% tariff in place for Lesothos access to European markets. This virtually eliminated trade with Europe by 1998. The Multi- Fiber Arrangement (MFA) and, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) The MFA was a multi-nation agreement that created quotas from individual countries on imports to the Unites States. The MFA was active from 1974 to 1994 and was then replaced when the World Trade Organization (WTO) implemented a similar policy called the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC). The policy expired in 2005 and there are currently no country quotas on textiles. Much like the Lom © Convention, the ATC helped to start the Lesotho textile industry and carried it through 2005. The cost is that arguably quotas can hinder free trade in the world arket. It gives inefficient countries and unfair advantage over efficient countries. The aggregate world output of textiles is fundamentally lower with the quotas in place. The MFA and ATC provided a great way for Lesotho to participate in world trade but unless the policies are permanent, it is not a sustainable solution. Because quotas facilitate inefficient production of goods, they cannot be in place indefinitely. Eventually, truly fair trade must be allowed among all countries and Lesotho must be able to manufacture textiles as efficient as countries like China if it would like to have its textile industry survive.

Restructuring Debt Essay Example for Free

Restructuring Debt Essay One appreciates the recommendation of providing information on restructuring debt to help the company combat its recent financial troubles. Even though the company is in the process of reorganizing one believes this information will help a company in reporting the restructuring of debt. One will provide information on the requirements of reporting debt on bonds, notes, and capital leases. In performing this one will also provide the journal entries one would need to record to restructure the company’s debt along with a comparison of the debt for the company’s current reporting. One will also provide valuable information on the company’s postemployment benefits. Requirements for Reporting Debt Long-term debts for a company are present obligations that consist of probable future sacrifices of economic benefit, which â€Å"are not payable within a year or within the operating cycle of the company† (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2007, p. 672). Generally long-term debt consists of three categories, which are bonds payable, notes payable, and capital leases. In financial reporting one of the most controversial areas is the reporting of long-term debt because this debt impacts the cash flows of a company (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2007, p. 691). The reporting requirements of the debt must be both substantive and informative to the investor. Some long-term debt such as bonds, notes, and others may need approval by the board of directors and stockholders before a company acquires the debt. Most long-term debt a company acquires has certain ovenants or restrictions within its agreement. This helps protect both the lender and borrower. A company must disclose the features along with any covenants or restrictions in the agreement of long-term debt in the financial statements or in the notes of the financial statements. This is only if the information provides an investor a more â€Å"complete understanding of the financial position of the company and the results of its operations† (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2007, p. 672). Bonds Payable  Bonds basically represent a contract of a promise to pay at a maturity date a sum of money plus a specified rate of periodic interest on the maturity amount. Bonds can be either secured or unsecured. Secured bonds have some pledge of collateral that backs up the bond. An example of this type of bonds is a â€Å"mortgage bond secured by a claim on real estate† (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2007, p. 673). Unsecured bonds are bonds that do not have any collateral attach to them. Most bonds carry a specific rate of interest whereas others are sold with an implied interest rate at a discount. One can convert some bonds into other securities. No matter what bond a company acquires the terms and conditions of the bond must be disclosed along with the covenants or restrictions on the bond. A company must also disclose any violation on the covenant or restrictions of the bond. In reporting bonds a company must report the bond at its face value â€Å"of its expected future cash flows, which consists of interest and principal† (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2007, p. 675). The company amortizes any discount or premium of a bond over the life of the bond. This basically is reporting the bond at its face value less the unamortized discount or plus the unamortized premium. General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires a company to use the effective- interest method in determining the amortization of a discount or premium of a bond. A company reports the portion of the bond that matures within a year (current portion) as a current liability, and the remainder as a long-term liability on the balance sheet. Notes Payable Notes payable are generally an amount of money a company borrows with a romissory note. Long-term notes are similar and different from bonds in some ways. The similarity is notes payable also â€Å"have fixed maturity dates and carry either a stated or implicit interest rate† (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2007, p. 685). The difference is notes payable are not easily tradable. A company reports notes payable in a similar fashion as it does bonds. In reporting a note payable a company records the note at its face value of its future interest and principal cash flows. The company amortizes any discount or premium of a note over its life. If a note has no-bearing interest rate the company should report the difference between the face value and the cash received as a discount on the note. This amount one amortizes over the life of the note to interest expense. Capital Leases A company may use capital leases to finance its acquisition of capital assets. In lease financing a company must met the criteria of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) on capital leases. In this a company must record both a liability, and a related asset on its balance sheet. In reporting capital lease a company reports the lease at its present value of the minimum lease payments. The company allocates these lease payments using the effective interest method to interest expense. This allocation using the effective interest method reduces the lease liability of the company. A company regardless of the type of liability it has must report the interest rate, maturity date, current interest expense, and future interest and principles payments of the liability in its financial statements or notes. A company should also disclose any restrictions or covenants on these liabilities. In disclosing this debt a company should present the debt by major category.